health check with port plugin for fluentd. https://docs.fluentd.org/parser/json#json_parser, We use kube-fluentd-operator and it does install oj into its image: While this operation, in_tail can't find new files. And I observed my default td-agent.log file is growing without having any log rotation. Fluentd or td-agent version: fluentd 1.13.0. [BUG] in_tail plugin isn't continue watch log file after logrotate was Fluentd plugin to add or replace fields of a event record, Datadog output plugin for Fluent event collector. Forwards Fluentd output to Azure EventHubs in Splunk format. and the log stop being monitored and fluent-bit container gets frozen. Fluentd output plugin for Vertica using json parser. *>, 2014-02-27 00:00:01 +0900 [info]: process finished code = 0. If you have ten files of the size at the same level, it might takes over 1 hours. Pods on Fargate get 20GB of ephemeral storage, which is available to all the containers that belong to a pod. Also you can change a tag from apache log by domain, status-code(ex. The kubelet sends this information to the container runtime (using CRI), and the runtime writes the container logs to the given location. fluent Input plugin to collect data from Deskcom. you have to find the below line in the file, then restart td-agent and the result will be as shown below, The second method is to use logrotate for rotating the logs, create the below file on your server and make sure that logrotate is installed and it will take care of rotating the logs. Google Cloud Storage output plugin for the Fluent. You can integrated log monitoring system with Hatohol. No luck updating timestamp/time_key with log time in fluentd. fluent plugin mysql bulk insert is high performance and on duplicate key update respond. Fluentd. by pulling or watching. A fluentd input plugin that collects node and container metrics from a kubernetes cluster via kubeapiserver API. use shadow proxy server. This is applied when, $ fluentd -c fluent.conf --log-rotate-age 5 --log-rotate-size 104857600, tag. Configure logging drivers - Docker Documentation Fluentd Filter Plugin to parse linux's audit log. Riak 2.x plugin for Fluent event collector, Fluentd output plugin that sends events to Amazon Kinesis. Fluentd Plugin for Supplying Output to LogDNA. i've turned on the debug log level to post here the behaviour, if it helps. I am still not fully clear about why in_tail on our nodes is so slow without this option (even with read_from_head false set). Plugin to manage file as a global block in opposition to a line or multiline block as with in_tail. What is Fluentd? # If you want to capture only error events, use 'fluent.error' instead. Useful for bulk load and tests. At the moment, I have the issue that was describe following: I setup FluentD with Elastic Search + Kibana via that URL example: Why? Almost feature is included in original. It suppresses the repeated permission error logs. Thank you very much in advance! Azure DocumentDB output plugin for Fluentd. Convert to timestamp from date string. option allows the user to set different levels of logging for each plugin. you can find the the config file i'm using below. logrotate command in Linux with examples execute external command with placeholder plugin for fluentd, Output the name of the image for a given docker container_id, Forked from takus/fluent-plugin-dynamodb-streams; with fixes from cosmo0920/fluent-plugin-dynamodb-streams, A Fluentd output plugin for sending Kivera proxy logs to the Kivera log ingestion service, fluentd plugin for Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL log input with slow query support, Output kuromoji analysis Plugin for fluentd. - Fluentd in the meanwhile is scanning the monitored "path" for new file additions every "refresh_interval" expiration. Can confirm the issue using Fluent-Bit v0.12.13. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Use fluent-plugin-terminal_notifier instead. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to. A fluentd input plugin that collects node and container metrics from a kubernetes cluster. Fluentd Input plugin to read windows event log. in_tail doesn't start to read the log file, why? # like `New Kubernetes container logs are not tailed by fluentd #3423 read_bytes_limit_per_second is the limit size of the busy loop. This output plugin sends fluentd records to the configured LogicMonitor account. Mahitha Byreddy, Sudhindra Rao, Giridharan Ramasamy, JFrog SIEM fluent input plugin will send the SIEM events from JFrog Xray to Fluentd which can then be delivered to whatever output plugin specified, Fluent plugin to decode uri encoded value. Could you please help look into this one? Create a manifest for Fluentd ClusterRole,RoleBinding, and ConfigMap. So a file will be assigned to. [2017/11/06 22:03:07] [debug] [task] destroy task=0x7fca0023c0e0 (task_id=0) [2017/11/06 22:03:07] [debug] [dyntag tail.0] 0x7fca0028b120 destroy (tag=tail.0) Learn more about Teams FluentD Plugin for counting matched events via a pattern. But running DaemonSets is not the only way to aggregate logs in Kubernetes. To avoid log duplication, you need to set. unix.stackexchange.com/questions/196168/, man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/tail.1.html, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. fluentd collects all kube-system logs and also some application logs. Use built-in parser_ltsv instead of installing this plugin. So I see the record within [Thu Mar 13 19:04:13 2014] is dupplicate. These options are useful for debugging purposes. . [2017/11/06 22:03:41] [debug] [in_tail] append new file: /some/directory/file.log After 1 sec is elapsed, in_tail tries to continue reading the file. Fluentd plugin to count online users. Can I Log my docker containers to Fluentd and **stdout** at the same time? This repo is temporary until PR to upstream is addressed. Setup fluentd to tail logs of Kubernetes pods and create/delete Kubernetes pods. A plugin to allow records to be typecasted based on kubernetes annotations, Filter plugin for Fluent to convert twistlock syslog message to hashmap for better SIEM data, Output filter plugin to rearrange the order of the elements, Output filter plugin to rewrite Monolog JSON output to be inserted into InfluxDB, Filter plugin for looking up a json object out of a record. Fluentd output filter plugin for serialize record. emits string value as ASCII-8BIT encoding. For example, to remove the compressed files, you can use the following pattern: exclude_path ["/path/to/*.gz", "/path/to/*.zip"], Avoid to read rotated files duplicately. Landed onto v1.13.2, so I close this issue. Fluentd Input/Output plugin to collect/process tweets with Twitter Streaming API. Fluentd is deployed as a daemonset in your Kubernetes cluster and will collect the logs from our various pods. Fluent Plugin for converting nested hash into flatten key-value pair. 2016-04-15 13:00:32 +0000 [error]: Permission denied - /var/log/nginx/nginx.log 2016-04-15 13:00:32 +0000 [error]: /usr/lib . to your account. Fluentd output plugin for Amazon Kinesis Firehose. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, You ought to configure and try out the configuration according to your requirements. Setting up logrotate in Linux | Enable Sysadmin It is the input plugin of fluentd which collects the condition of Java VM. rev2023.3.3.43278. For most outputs an external tool like logrotate is required to rotate the log files in combination with sending a SIGHUP to Suricata to notify it that the log files have been rotated. You can use the tail command to display the contents of the logs in this server's subdirectory. Fluentd Input plugin to receive data from UNIX domain socket. Fluentd parser plugin to parse log text from monolog. Can be used for elb healthcheck. Fluentd plugin to calculate statistics such as sum, max, min, avg, Fluent filter for XML that just converts specified fields with XML to hashes. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. It's times better to use a different log rotation mode than copytruncate. This is an official Google Ruby gem. Even on systems with. I tried dummy messages and those work too. I followed installation guide and manual http input with debug messages works for me. You do not have permission to delete messages in this group, Either email addresses are anonymous for this group or you need the view member email addresses permission to view the original message. You can get the list of supported encodings with this command: The number of lines to read with each I/O operation. The logrotate command is called daily by the cron scheduler and it reads the following files:. In Kubernetes, container logs are written to /var/log/pods/*.log on the node. Fluentd input plugin that responses with HTTP status 200. Please install https://rubygems.org/gems/fluent-plugin-chatwork instead of fluent-plugin-out_chatwork, Collect memory usage profile information and emit it (or output on fluentd log), Emits dummy data to do bench marks and other tests. Fluentd filter plugin to shift the timezone of an event using the value of a field on that event. Librato metrics output plugin for Fluent event collector, Fluentd plugin to serve ElasticSearch as a subprocess, Amazon S3 / Redshift output plugin for Fluentd event collector, Fluentd STDOUT output plugin with buffering, for buffer plugin tests only, Fluentd plugin to tail files and add the file path to the message, Amazon Redshift output plugin for Fluentd (updated by Kwarter), Google Cloud Storage output plugin for fluentd event collector. Styling contours by colour and by line thickness in QGIS. Sorted by: 1 You can do this in two ways , first with td-agent itself and for this you need to update the td-agent init file /etc/init.d/td-agent. reads newly added files from head automatically even if. As I said before, I am guessing there are other loops that this option is helping to break in our environment where nodes have a lot of kubernetes pods with a lot of log files. Is it possible to create a concave light? How to get container and image name when using fluentd for docker logging? Should I put my dog down to help the homeless? Kestrel is inactive. logrotate is designed to ease administration of systems that generate large numbers of log files. @duythinht is there any pending question/issue on your side ? Amazon SNS output plugin for Fluent event collector, Named pipe input/output plugin for Fluentd. Run the sub-matcher created from accepted json data, Amazon DynamoDB Streams input plugin for Fluentd. There is relevant discussion on this topic on Kubernetes repo: We're using fluent-bit outside of kubernetes/docker. sidekiq metric collector plugin for fluentd. Personally, I would rather keep this issue separate as it only deals with a specific re-creatable problem instead of dealing with 2 years old ticket and a ton of unrelated comments in it. By default, all configuration changes are automatically pushed to all agents. Growl does not support OS X 10.10 or later. Fork of https://github.com/microsoft/fluent-plugin-azure-storage-append-blob, fluentd output plugin to send metrics to graphite, output plugin for IRC-HTTP gateway 'ikachan' (see: https://metacpan.org/module/ikachan and (jpn) http://blog.yappo.jp/yappo/archives/000760.html), Fluentd plugin to keep forwarding messsages of a specific tag pattern to a specific node, Amazon DynamoDB output plugin for Fluent event collector, Flume Input/Output plugin for Fluentd event collector, Fluentd plugin to input/output event track data to mixpanel, OpenStack Storage Service (Swift) plugin for Fluentd, Hidemasa Togashi, Toddy Mladenov, Justin Seely, Chih Hsiang Hsu, Fluentd output plugin for Azure Event Hubs. @edsiper, the application that i want to monitor handles the log file itself, not using logrotate from the system. Normally, logrotate is run as a daily cron job. Please try read_bytes_limit_per_second. fluentd output plugin for post to chatwork. One of possibilities is JSON library. logrotate is a handy tool for system administrators who wish to take the /var/log directory under their control. It finds counters and sampling rate field in each netflow and calculate into other counter fields. How to match a specific column position till the end of line? Your configuration is not complete, and suggests that you are using a copy plugin to copy the emitted message to multiple destinations. Fluentd plugin to filter if a specific key is present or not in event logs. Use. Can I tell police to wait and call a lawyer when served with a search warrant? Overview. Why are physically impossible and logically impossible concepts considered separate in terms of probability? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Rotating Logs With Logrotate in Linux | Baeldung on Linux Fluent output plugin to handle output directory by source host using events tag. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Input plugin for Azure Monitor Activity logs. Filter Plugin to create a new record containing the values converted by Ruby script. Have a question about this project? [2017/11/06 22:03:46] [debug] [in_tail] file=/some/directory/file.log cannot promote, unregistering. Fluentd output plugin that sends aggregated errors/exception events to Sentry. Fluent plugin for Dogstatsd, that is statsd server for Datadog. It means that the content of. You signed in with another tab or window. Sign in The configuration file will be stored in a configmap. Downcases all keys and re-emit the records. Fluentd output plugin that sends aggregated errors/exception events to Raygun. I am using fluentd with the tg-agent installation. Fluentd input plugin for AWS ELB Access Logs. You should use official Docker logging drivers instead. Fluentd in_tail - Does it support log rotation of the source file which is getting tailed? restarts, it resumes reading from the last position before the restart. Output filter plugin to rewrite Collectd JSON output to nested json, Fluentd filter plugin to split JSONL fomatted array text into multiple events, Moves JSON nested under the log key to the top level, Output filter plugin to add rancher metadata, Fluentd filter plugin for PostgreSQL logs in CSV format. Will put docker log time as new field logtime, and use the timestamp in gelf, Fluentd output plugin to send service checks to an NSCA / Nagios monitoring server, Fluentd plugin to calculate statistics and then thresholding, Fluentd plugin to read a file from S3 and emit it. @Gallardot I have tested again and I do NOT see any entries in the pos file and do NOT see any in_tail log lines in the fluentd logs. Fluentd Docker Image ? CMetrics context using metrics plugin for Fluentd. A fluentd output plugin created by Splunk MIDI Input/Output plugin for Fluentd event collector. This Multilingual speech synthesis system uses VoiceText. Fluentd Input plugin to execute Presto query and fetch rows. Post to "Amazon Elasticsearch Service". A fluent plugin that collects metrics and exposes for Prometheus. Deprecated: Consider using fluent-plugin-s3. Can I invoke tail such that it notices the rotating process and does the right thing? Create a manifest for the sample application. Site24x7 output plugin for Fluent event collector. to your account. On startup or reload, fluentd doesn't have any issues tailing the log files. graylog - Enabling Fluentd Log rotation - Stack Overflow Use kubernetes labels to set log level dynamically. Aliyun oss output plugin for Fluentd event collector, Render Developers, moaikids, HANAI Tohru aka pokehanai, A fluentd plugin that collects AWS Aurora slow query logs with `log_output=FILE`, FLuentd plugin for Newrelic alerts WIP, Plugin that adds whole record to to_s field, Fluentd plugin to replace the string with specified YAML. Use the built-in plugin instead of installing this plugin. Plugin for fluentd, this allows you to specify ignore patterns for match. Built-in parser_ltsv provides all feature of this plugin. You can connect with him on LinkedIn linkedin.com/in/realvarez/. Use fluent-plugin-kinesis instead. A mutate filter for Fluent which functions like Logstash. Tail - Fluent Bit: Official Manual fluent-plugin-select is the non-buffered plugin that can be filtered by ruby script. Use kinesis_firehose in fluent-plugin-kinesis instead.. Use built-in parser_ltsv instead of installing this plugin to parse LTSV. BTW I think this issue can be considered as same issue with #3239, so I want to close this issue and continue discussion at #3239. but covers more usecases. Output currently only supports updating events retrieved from Spectrum. See https://github.com/woothee/woothee, Splunk output plugin (HTTP Event Collector) for Fluentd event collector, nats plugin for fluentd, an event collector, Sends log data collected by fluentd to Scalyr (http://www.scalyr.com). To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. https://github.com/vmware/kube-fluentd-operator/blob/7a5347adaba86ff33fa70c17f03eb770b324704c/charts/log-router/templates/daemonset.yaml#L73, And also I added a guide for tailing logs on CRI-O k8s environment in official Fluentd daemonset: Fluentd input plugin to collect IOS-XE telemetry. This parameter overrides it: The paths excluded from the watcher list. This is used when the path includes *. Just mentioning, in case fluentd has some issues reading logs via symlinks. On the other hand you should guarantee that the log rotation will not occur in * directory in that case to avoid log duplication. A fluentd redis input plugin supporting batch operations. Fluentd input plugin to collect container metrics periodically, Extract entries from Mule log4j key-value pairs, Docker Event Stream inpupt plugin for Fluentd, Amazon Redshift output plugin for Fluentd (inspired by fluent-plugin-redshift). With Kubernetes and Docker there are 2 levels of links before we get to a log file. It allows automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of log files. But your case isn't. Fluentd plugin for sorting record fields. This directory is mounted in the Fluentd container. Fluentd memory buffer plugin with many types of chunk limits, for heartbeat monitoring of Fluentd processes. It will also keep trying to open the file if it's not present. Use fluent-plugin-redshift instead. Will this be released in the 0.12.x line? The fluent-plugin-sanitzer provides not only options to sanitize values with custom regular expression and keywords but also build-in options which allows users to easily sanitize IP addresses and hostnames in complex messages. I was also coming to the conclusion that's an Elasticsearch issue. Filter plugin that allows flutentd to use Docker Swarm metadata. This plugin is already obsolete (especially for 2.1 or later). process events on fluentd with SQL like query, with built-in Norikra server if needed. See, expression ^(?[^ ]*) (?[^ ]*) (?\d*)$, {"tailed_path":"/path/to/access.log","k1":"v1",,"kN":"vN"}. It reads logs from the systemd journal. Message forwarding over SSL with authentication, Fluentd plugin to store data on Google BigQuery, by load, or by stream inserts, Yury Kotov, Roi Rav-Hon, Arcadiy Ivanov, Miri Ignatiev, Fluentd pluging (fluent.org) for output to Logz.io (logz.io). This value should be equal or greater than 8192. Q&A for work. Fluentd in_tail needs to follow symlinked files on /var/log/containers/*.log. Forked from fluent-plugin-kinesis version 3.1.0. executes external programs with cron syntax. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be acquitted of everything despite serious evidence? Input plugin for fluentd to collect memory usage from free command. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Fluentd Input plugin to execute Vertica query and fetch rows. Note that trailing logs in such huge files might be dropped after file rotation if you enable this feature. This is useful for monitoring Fluentd logs. Write a short summary, because Rubygems requires one. Does "less" have a feature like "tail --follow=name" ("-F"). Unmaintained since 2015-10-08. Fluent parser plugin for Elasticsearch slow query and slow indexing log files. # Add hostname for identifying the server and tag to filter by log level. Fluentd output plugin. Deprecated: Consider using fluent-plugin-s3. Fluentd plugins for the Stackdriver Logging API, which will make logs Fluentd custom plugin to generate random values. you have to find the below line in the file TD_AGENT_ARGS="$ {TD_AGENT_ARGS:-$ {TD_AGENT_BIN_FILE} --log $ {TD_AGENT_LOG_FILE} $ {TD_AGENT_OPTIONS}}" and update it to The following requirements must be met for Fluentd Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Logging to work: The profile name in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure configuration file must be DEFAULT. He is based out of New York. Fluentd plugin to parse systemd journal export format. All components are available under the Apache 2 License. that writes events to splunk indexers over HTTP Event Collector API. A fluentd output plugin for sending logs to Kafka REST Proxy, Cassandra output plugin for Fluent event collector. Fork output by separating values for fluentd, Fluentd output plugin to forward data to Wendelin system. parameter accepts a single integer representing the number of seconds you want this time interval to be. 5.1. Duplicate records when using tail and logrotate in FluentD within Frequently Used Options. A basic configuration that forwards logs from all inputs to a single Logtail . If such a long line is unexpected incoming data and want to ignore it, then set a smaller value than. This has already been merged into upstream. It's comming support replicate to another RDB/noSQL. On the node itself, the largest log file I see is 95MB, but my k8s pod has only a log of 1.1M. Fluentd is configured to watch /var/log/containers and send log events to CloudWatch. A fluentd filter plugin that will split period separated fields to nested hashes. Sign in viewable in the Stackdriver Logs Viewer and can optionally store them I have run fluent-bit for k8s, but after run logrotate, in_tail is not watch log file, which has been rotated. Its behavior is similar to the tail -F command. Counting the number of lines is not a solution since that will mean: for every read(2) go to the beginning of the file and count the number of line breaks (\n). on systems which support it. follow_inodes true # Without this parameter, file rotation causes log duplication. In this case, several options are available to allow read access: to allow the invoking user to read the file without otherwise changing its permission bits or ownership. Filter Plugin to parse Postfix status line log. Opens and closes the file on every update instead of leaving it open until it gets rotated. A known issue is that you'll lost logs when rotation is occurred before reaching EOF as I mentioned above. fluentd input/output plugin for kestrel queue. Please see this blog post for details. fluentd tail logrotate See README at https://github.com/ninadpage/fluent-plugin-parser-maybejson/. For Fluentd <= v1.14.2: If you use * or strftime format as path and new files may be added into such paths while tailing, you should set this parameter to true.Otherwise some logs in newly added files may be lost. v1.13.0 has log throttling feature which will be effective against this issue. pods, namespaces, events, etc. Fluentd JSON filter plugin with JSON Pointer Support (RFC-6901) to pinpoint elements. Fluent filter plugin for adding GeoIP data to record. Is it known that BQP is not contained within NP? logrotate is a log managing command-line tool in Linux. In our example, we tell Fluentd that containers in the cluster log to /var/log/containers/*.log. SSH ~/.ssh ~/.ssh 700authorized_keys 600 . Fluentd Parser plugin for RabbitMQ Trace log in JSON format. Fluent::ExtractJsonFilter is a fluentd plugin extracts single JSON object from record. When configured successfully, I test tail process in access.log and error.log. work properly without the additional watch timer. All components are available under the Apache 2 License. Very weird behavior, which I have NOT seen with. doesn't throttle log files of that group. It causes unexpected behavior e.g. There are three common approaches for capturing logs in Kubernetes: For pods running on Fargate, you need to use the sidecar pattern. Extend tail plugin to support log with multiple line, Takashi Matsuno, Sadayuki Furuhashi, CaDs, merge tail_ex and tail_multiline input plugin. Chapter 5. Running Super-Privileged Containers Red Hat Enterprise Linux A fluentd plugin that enhances existing non-buffered output plugin as buffered plugin. [2017/11/06 22:03:41] [debug] [in_tail] add to scan queue /some/directory/file.log, offset=10487070 Under high loaded environment, output destination sometimes becomes unstable and it causes lots of same log message. So that if a log following tail of /path/to/file like the following. watching new files) are prevented to run. A bug exists in Fluentd 1.13.x where it may suppress warning logs about unreadable files. So that if a log following tail of /path/to/file like the following. How to do a `tail -f` of log rotated files? Unmaintained since 2014-03-07. Note that it's possible that content in a.1.log is half processed which means the unprocessed parts should continue to be processed and the processed parts shouldn't be re-consumed. He is based out of Seattle. Output plugin for the Splunk HTTP Event Collector. Use fluent-plugin-kinesis instead. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Fluent Plugin to export data from Salesforce.com. This list includes filter like output plugins. The other solution would be to check for the file size on every read using stat(2), again ..it will be performance killer and a constant pain. Can airtags be tracked from an iMac desktop, with no iPhone? , Fluentd refreshes the list of watch files. Duplicate records when using tail and logrotate in FluentD within output_data to Elastic Search, http://www.fluentd.org/guides/recipes/elasticsearch-and-s3, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. Is it fine to use tail -f on large log files. Oracle, OCI Observability: Logging Analytics. There will be no EC2 nodes in this cluster. Regards, does not work on Windows by internal limitations. This filter plugin filters fluentd records in gcp to the configured LogicMonitor account. Setting up Fluentd is very straightforward: 1. . Enhanced HTTP input plugin for Fluent event collector, Fluentd output plugin for XMPP(Jabber) protocol, sFlow v2 / v4 / v5 input plugin for Fluentd supporting many packet formats. [Thu Mar 13 19:04:13 2014] [error] [client 50.0.134.125] File does not exist: /var/www/favicon.ico (imagine JSON on elastic search) -> Check on kibana: Size of Record = 1. exception frequently, it means that incoming data is too long. Note that trailing logs in such huge files might be dropped after file rotation if you enable this feature. Duplicate records when using tail and logrotate in FluentD within output_data to Elastic Search. New Kubernetes container logs are not tailed by fluentd, kube-fluentd-operator-jcss8-fluentd.log.gz, fabric8io/fluent-plugin-kubernetes_metadata_filter#294, https://github.com/vmware/kube-fluentd-operator/blob/7a5347adaba86ff33fa70c17f03eb770b324704c/charts/log-router/templates/daemonset.yaml#L73, fluent/fluentd-kubernetes-daemonset@79c33be, https://github.com/vmware/kube-fluentd-operator/blob/0ce50a0a7dd6d35e22b00b207ac69dc37d8a8b67/base-image/basegems/Gemfile#L16, Kubernetes container logs - in_tail lose some of rotated logs when rotation is quite fast, Fluentd misses log file when >1 app log rotation happens back to back.
A Thousand Splendid Suns Age Rating,
Valhalla Funeral Home Belleville, Il Obituaries,
Mark Weinberger Doctor 2021,
Katangian Ng Lalawigan Ng Cavite,
Articles C
