Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. Hi, Michael. Southern belle - Wikipedia However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . North, South, West, East Capitalizing Can Be a Beast - ProofreadNOW.com If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. However, the Associated Press Stylebook does not recommend capitals in that case. Q. Hello! These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. This is known as 'title case'. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. In other words, directions can be tricky! To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. Geographic Regions Used as Adjectives Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? How do I connect these two faces together? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. Some common examples of when you should capitalize north include: down North. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. How should "Northern Europe" be capitalized? Each morning, the sun rises in the east . You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. The word states would remain lower case if states is referred to in a general way, such as There are two senators for each state.. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). Many scholars now study the global South. These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. North Dakota; West Virginia; Also capitalize compass points when used in denoting widely known sections. If you are merely referring to a . Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Is this correct. However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Some common examples of when you should capitalize south include: down South the Deep South Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. If these geographic areas are part of a name, however, such as "River Thames", capitalize the term. I assume CMOS have done reasonable research before arguing against a rigid insistence on 'the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS]' and have thought carefully before arguing against ignoring authors' strong preferences. proofreading, When it's an adjective ("bicentennial year"), I agree that no cap is needed . Strength Vs. Strong: Differences, How To Tell Them Apart? Except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah, the name of a city and state should be abbreviated when they are used together. AP Style holds to the general rule of lowercasing compass directions and capitalizing regions. The storm is heading east. Knowing whether to capitalize directional adjectives can be challenging. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. By attaching itself to a common object, the language or country name takes on a new meaning. The direction word makes it a proper noun. There is room for variation here: if you live in Coventry and youre writing for other Coventry residents, then perhaps writing South Coventry would make sense. The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. Should states and territories be Capitalised? When combining with another common noun to form the name for a region . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. Rule 2. Whichever version you use, then, we'd suggest not capitalizing the direction, just the country name. So, should you capitalize regions when writing? What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Capitalization Unless the word is part of a formal name, do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, or other similar words. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. Just make sure you are consistent with the letter case. (1) often capitalized: of or relating to any of various population groups having dark pigmentation of the skin (black Americans) (2) : of or relating to the African-American people or their culture (black literature) (a black college) (black pride) (black studies) From Merriam-Webster Dictionary Part of the definition for white Less democratic. I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts Northern Ireland, Western Australia Did the Allman Brothers Band play southern rock or Southern rock? Should north southeast and West be capitalized? . When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Should north East south West be capitalized? However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. West is directly opposite east. After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. Copyright 2022 - TheContentAuthority.com, Reindeer Vs. Moose: Main Differences, How To Tell Them Apart. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South." If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. . the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. For example: When words such as "northern", "southern", "western", and "eastern" precede a region or place's name, do not capitalize them as they are only indicating a general location in a region. Should the word northwest be capitalized? Explained by Sharing Culture I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. Do you capitalize north? In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. Does the word federal need to be capitalized? If a is used, go with prime minister.). However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. It's all directional | Grammar Party But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. Others may argue that the word simply denotes the direction of the region the individual lives and must not have the capital letter. Related, but not duplicates (in my opinion): As definitive as it gets. However, there are a few exceptions you should learn about. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. The geographical areas "The North," "The East," "The South," and "The West" are treated like proper nouns. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". 'I have no authority for this opinion, other than my intuition as an English speaker.' 5 Free French-to-English Translation Services, Broad geographical regions (e.g., the North or the Far East), People from a specific region (e.g., Northerners, Southerners), Cultures or movements related to a region (e.g., Western philosophy). By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. But when the term is used in a formal name, it's capitalized, as in "the Hudson River". Examples: southern France, northern Canada. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. When to Capitalize North, South, East and West - Proofed Coordinate conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet & so (FANBOYS). When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. The argument I hear is this is a region of the building not a direction, so it should be capitalized. For example, Silicon Valley isn't a proprietary name or legally defined area, but it receives initial caps anyway. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? AP Style Directions and Regions - Writing Explained For example, we capitalize north, south, east, and west when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Capitalize words that are part of the formal name, but lowercase in less formal uses: he crossed the Hudson River; but: he fell into the river. Is that an argument? It only takes a minute to sign up. Hope all that helps! To put it another way, capitalize words like Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis in place of the persons name. Also, if "region" is the first word in a sentence, it is capitalized. It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. Home-buyers pay a 1.75% fee up . However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. That means you should lowercase articles, Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. States and territories Use initial capitals for words in the formal name. When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. Capitalization in APA, Chicago, MLA, and AP - ProofreadingPal Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? When writing or proofreading manuscripts, names of regions and their capitalization rules could be tricky to discern or ascertain. The question as to whether something should be considered a name or not is one of style, and as such you should adhere to the discipline of your editor, publication, or organization, or in the absence of a house style, you should adopt a suitable. The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. Southern, on the other hand, is capitalized by convention when it refers to California: I live in Southern California. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. Actually, you should capitalize federal only when it is part of a proper noun, that is, the official name of a particular or unique person, place, or thing. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. In headlines, the periods are omitted. For example, The hurricane move north towards the Gulf Coast. Proper nouns - American Psychological Association Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. MLA style followsThe Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. Capitalize regional terms when they refer to a commonly accepted proper name of an area. During the Civil War, Northerners and Southerners battled in twenty-three states. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. For example, Southern US is proper because it is a specific region. Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Federal or federal? But you capitalize them when theyre specific regions or an integral part of a proper name. Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. You should capitalize the words East Coast when referring to a specific region, such as Im traveling to the East Coast, because East Coast is a proper noun in this case. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? - ProofreadNOW.com Human settlements and their impact on the physical geography, and, The communication between the environment and humanity, The precipitation is the maximum in the interior, Cattle-breeding techniques or practices could vary across, Urundi and Ruanda are fertile, healthy, high-lying, and thickly populated, This text isn't a law but an abstract of the several special usages obtained in those, She passed the Lake Amadeus and the Reynolds range in that direction but had to turn, Many scholars are now studying the global. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. Each state has its own shortened name codes, which are used in written documents and mailing addresses. editing, I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? You should always capitalize Southerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. When did they standardize state abbreviations? I am living in Western Downtown. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). I wanted to know how to write Southeast Albania correctly (proof reading). When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. September 18, 2013, at 9:56 pm. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). Job seekers, Is Pepsi the owner of KFC? Regardless of what side of the debate table you are on, the different thoughts clearly illustrate how differing opinions could be on the matter, causing people to use capitalization rules the way they deem appropriate. In general, you should capitalize the names of countries and languages. Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. Avoiding Common Capitalization Errors | The Proofreading Pulse Drive south for five miles. One exception to this rule: common objects with a country or nationality as part of the name ( french fries, scotch whiskey, venetian blinds, and so forth). For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. English Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, Spanish Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts. 8 What states in the US are consider southern states? . A region could also be a group of nations. Likewise, the rules for sentences apply: capitalize the common name at the . Hi, James. Biden administration should avoid subsidies for risky mortgages Use a hyphen to show a range of dates and do not repeat 20 (2012-13, not 2012-2013). The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. In October 1963, the Department settled on the current two-letter abbreviations. When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. doesn't shout the need for "capitalization", it's safe to write it in lowercase. When referring to regions, capitalize these words. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. Should Pisces be capitalized? [Fact Checked!] "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Please include the research youve done. What is the rule for state abbreviations? But because it has defined boundaries and administration, it's a "region". Capitalization Rules | A Simple Guide For Better Grammar - Thesaurus.com Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate general location or refer to the geography or climate of the region. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. 17th ed., U of Chicago P, 2017,www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch08/psec047.html.
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